Analysing human societies as complex systems can provide an insight into historical processes and the strengths and weaknesses of capitalism. Analysing human societies as complex systems can provide ...

In fields ranging from immunology and ecology to economics and thermodynamics, multi-scale complex systems are ubiquitous. They are also notoriously difficult to model. Conventional approaches take ...

SURD, an algorithm, reveals causal links in complex systems. Applications may include forecasting climate to projecting population growth to designing efficient aircraft. Getting to the heart of ...

This chaotic-looking "double pendulum" follows a large number of rules that govern its motion. Researchers have trained AI to take data from its movements to uncover simple equations that successfully ...

Living organisms, our planet and even the entire universe are getting ever more complex with time. “Complex” doesn’t just mean “complicated”: it means that the parts of a system interact in ways that ...